Cowrie Shells |
Cowrie shells are widely distributed and
possibly the favourites among shell collectors because of their polished enamel
like surfaces and their beautiful coloured patters. The cowrie appears In all
the warmer areas of the globe. But the great cowries , the tiger cowrie and the
orange cowries are natives of tropical regions. They crawl slowly, browsing on
weeds, and are shy creatures remaining
hidden during the day in crevices or under rocks.
The best known and most popular is the
tiger cowrie. The shell grows about four inches long and it is covered with
spots. It was used by 18th century silversmiths to make shell snuff-
boxes and in Italy for burnishing paper and ironing lace. The shells were often
distributed in Europe by sailors and gypsies.
Orange cowries at one time sold for large
sums on the market. In Fiji and the New Hebrides in the pacific they are still
worn as badges of rank by the chiefs.
The money cowrie is a small oval shell, flat
and white underneath with thick yellowish white edges and a pale lemon upper
surface. It is found in enormous quantities in the Pacific, from the Moluccas
eastward. Large fortunes were at one time made by European traders who
transported shells to the west coast of Africa and exchanged them for ivory,
gold and slaves. A slave would be worth anything from 20000 to 50000 shells. In
1849 money cowries weighing 240 tons were imported in to the English port of
Liverpool.
A man at Cuttack in Orissa, India pad for
the erection of his bungalow entirely in cowries.The building cost him pounds 400
which in cowries amounted to 16000000 shells. The common method of handling the
cowries was by threading them on a string, 40 cowries to one string.
Among the cowries the rarest is Cypreae
leucedon. Only two known examples of the pale brown, creamy spotted shell
exist. One is in the British Museum, the other is in the Harvard University
Museum. More than 190 species of cowrie shell are known to collectors. Some
species are used as charms against evil spirits.
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